PREVENIREA CRIMINALITĂȚII FUNDAMENTATĂ PE DOVEZI:STANDARDE INTERNAȚIONALE ȘI BUNE PRACTICI COMPARATIVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67457/lv26.1.15Cuvinte cheie:
prevenirea criminalității bazată pe dovezi, cadrul normativ internațional, modele comparative, poliție bazată pe informații, cooperare multiinstituțională, justiție restaurativă, guvernanță digitală, garanții ale drepturilor omuluiRezumat
Acest articol examinează cadrul normativ internațional și experiențele comparative relevante care susțin dezvoltarea prevenirii criminalității bazate pe dovezi. În ultimele două decenii, prevenirea criminalității a trecut de la un model predominant reactiv, axat pe intervenția autorităților de aplicare a legii, la un domeniu complex al guvernanței publice, bazat pe integrarea analizei strategice, a informațiilor operative privind criminalitatea, a garanțiilor de respectare a drepturilor omului și a cooperării între diferite sectoare. Prima parte a studiului analizează și reconstituie cadrul normativ comun instituit prin documentele Organizației Națiunilor Unite, INTERPOL, Europol, CEPOL, OSCE, Consiliul Europei și OCDE, evidențiind elementele comune privind prevenirea criminalității, coordonarea interinstituțională, responsabilizarea actorilor implicați și utilizarea etică și responsabilă a tehnologiilor emergente. În continuare, studiul analizează cinci modele naționale — Suedia, Țările de Jos, Regatul Unit, Estonia și Canada — alese pentru a evidenția grade diferite de maturitate instituțională în cadrul unor sisteme atât unitare, cât și federale. Analiza comparativă evidențiază un grad pronunțat de convergență în ceea ce privește câteva elemente esențiale: existența unor mandate legislative clare, distribuirea responsabilității între nivelul central și cel local al administrației, utilizarea sistematică a datelor și a mecanismelor de evaluare, precum și implicarea reală a comunității. Articolul concluzionează că eficacitatea și sustenabilitatea prevenirii criminalității depind mai puțin de structura guvernamentală în sine și mai mult de coerența instituțională, de calitatea datelor și de capacitatea autorităților publice de a colecta, interpreta și utiliza cunoașterea în toate fazele ciclului de politici publice. Concluziile studiului furnizează un etalon comparativ util pentru revizuirea și modernizarea mecanismelor naționale de prevenire.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Alexandru MOLCEAN (Autor)
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