Scientific Annals of the "Ştefan cel Mare" Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Moldova
The magazine “Scientific Annals of the “Stefan cel Mare” Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Moldova” is a periodical publication in the field of legal sciences, which has been published since 2000, initially under the aegis of the Scientific Research Center, and later of the Science Department within the founding institution. On February 26, 2021, it was recognized by NAQAER (ANACEC) as a scientific publication, Legal Sciences profile, being accredited at type B.
Academy „Ştefan cel Mare” of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Moldova
Historical development of executive power in the context of events in modern Europe
Since ancient times, the government has occupied a central position in the power structure of national executives, playing a key role in policy implementation and public administration. In European states, this structure has manifested itself and is characterized by diverse forms of government, each with specific characteristics that reflect unique political, social and historical traditions. This diversity provides a rich basis for the comparative analysis of government power, providing deep insights into how high-level decisions influence the lives of citizens. The study of government power in the European context is of crucial importance, because governments not only implement laws, but also form policies that respond to social, economic and international problems.
Copyright (c) 2025 Liliana Creanga (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Manifestations of prison subculture in the environment of juvenile and young prisoners
The manifestations of the prison subculture involve multiple violent actions, directed by the informal leaders of the prisoners, which impose compliance with the rules of the prison subculture: hierarchical division, imposing a certain behavior for each caste, and, respectively, subordination to the informal leaders, the obligation to contribute financially to the „hazna comună”, the application of physical punishment for violating the rules of the prison subculture, sexual violence, riots and mass violence etc. Studies conducted by several authors over the last decade show that all juvenile prisoners were familiarized with the rules of the prison subculture by adult prisoners, during the detention of these two categories in adult institutions, after which they established them in the environment of the prisoners in the Goian Detention Center for Minors and Youth. Recently surveys conducted with prisoners and prison staff in the Goian DCMY indicate the continued presence of manifestations of the prison subculture.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Legal and practical challenges in the application of the principle of transparency in public procurement contracts involving classified information
The principle of transparency represents an essential pillar of public procurement, ensuring legality, fair competition, and the efficient use of public funds. However, its application in contracts involving classified information generates challenges arising from the need to protect national security and the state’s strategic interests. This study examines the legal framework of the Republic of Moldova regarding public procurement that includes classified information, in correlation with the standards of the European Union. It highlights the legal and practical challenges faced by contracting authorities, as well as possible solutions for harmonizing transparency with confidentiality requirements. The conclusions emphasize the importance of coherent regulation and a balanced application of the principles of transparency and confidentiality, in line with the values of the rule of law and the requirements of modern public management, ensuring the protection of sensitive information without compromising the integrity of the procurement process.
International standards on the prevention of juvenile criminality
The European path initiated by our state involves, among other commitments, the alignment of the justice system with European and international standards. Among the objectives of justice reform is the prevention and combating of criminal behavior, including juvenile delinquency. Thus, international principles guide states to take all necessary measures to prevent this destructive phenomenon. A complex study dedicated to the analysis of the particularities of juvenile delinquency and identifying effective prevention measures becomes a priority not only for legal sciences but also for other related fields. In this scientific endeavor, the authors examine the main international documents relevant to the field of juvenile delinquency prevention, in order to clarify the standards that could contribute to enhancing the effectiveness of society’s response to juvenile delinquency. Taking into account all the characteristics that define juvenile crime and the main international regulations in the field, the authors highlight a series of measures aimed at preventing and combating this type of criminality. The extensive framework of international documents dedicated to the prevention of juvenile delinquency once again demonstrates that the international community is firmly committed to creating and implementing effective intervention mechanisms to prevent minors from committing crimes.
The role of psychological profiling in criminal investigation
Psychological profiling, as a relatively recent technique, has experienced a significant increase in applicability within the field of criminal investigation. However, its use predominantly focuses on uncovering the structure of the crime rather than its predictive capacity. Numerous studies highlight that the nature and functions of psychological profiling remain insufficiently understood, and criminal investigators exhibit deficiencies in the specific competencies required for the effective implementation of this method. Although traditional law enforcement systems have implicitly included methods for recording and analyzing behavioral traits of offenders aimed at generating their profiles, there is a notable lack of systematic research on psychological profiling of criminals within contemporary jurisdictions. This paper argues that, in the current context characterized by a substantial increase in crime rates and heightened brutality of offenses, the fields of criminal profiling and victim profiling must evolve concurrently and adapt to emerging challenges. The study examines various theoretical and applied profiling models targeting the classification of crime scene activities, relevant psychological typologies, and associated methodologies, and it formulates recommendations for standardizing the process through the integration of increased automation and the use of information technology within the profiling procedure.
Deepfake videos in the healthcare field, subject of criminalistic analysis
The rapid development of generative neural networks has given rise to the phenomenon of deepfakes— synthetic audio and video recordings that are virtually indistinguishable from the real thing. In the medical field, such substitutions can confuse patients and doctors, mask medical errors, falsify telemedicine consultations, and create false evidence. This article provides a forensic analysis of deepfake videos and explores the legal and technological challenges of detecting them. Based on a comparative analysis of legislation and modern digital forensics methods, the article examines visual, audiovisual, and digital indicators of falsification, threats to the reliability of evidence, and the medical sector's need for new authentication protocols. It also argues for the need for international harmonization of labeling requirements, the development of specialized datasets for medical purposes, the implementation of blockchain technologies in the evidence chain, and interdisciplinary training of experts.
General aspects in the application of criminal procedure under Romanian legislation
The criminal process is a procedure regulated by law by which the judicial authorities investigate and judge the facts considered crimes, in order to liable the guilty persons and to protect the innocent. In this sense, the criminal process is regulated in four phases: the criminal prosecution (which takes place on the fact, immediately after the notification, then regarding the person), the preliminary chamber, the judgment (in the first instance and, possibly, in the appeal route) and the execution of the final court decision. The present study debates the first stage of the criminal trial, respectively that of the procedure in the phase of criminal prosecution and follows is a small segment to acquire the knowledge about the way of applying the criminal procedure in this phase, of the criminal prosecution. The procedure in the phase of the реnial pursuit thus represents the рrimа а а рroсеs реnаl in саrе orgаnе juddiаrе аdесvаtе еxеrсit o… In this case, so that the following follow -up, in which the judiciary has been done to the fourte. orgаnеlе dе following the реnial, рotriviv сomреtеntance sресifiсе and subsumed to the рroсеsului реnаl, of the inferitions and of the trick to resign, Of course, the fundamental drivers and libеrts, of which the right to private life is also part.
Environmental auditing as a strategic instrument for ecological security: evidence from Türkiye and the Republic of Moldova
This study examines the role of environmental auditing as a strategic instrument for strengthening ecological security, offering a comparative analysis of practices and developments in Türkiye and the Republic of Moldova during the period of 2020–2025. In the context of intensifying global ecological risks and increasing pressures on governance systems, environmental auditing emerges as a key mechanism for evaluating compliance, managing risks, and enhancing institutional transparency. Through a comparative assessment of the regulatory framework, institutional capacities, and implementation mechanisms, the study highlights how both states employ environmental auditing to ensure good governance, protect natural resources, and advance sustainable development objectives. The findings show that Türkiye benefits from advanced control mechanisms closely aligned with EU harmonization processes, while the Republic of Moldova stands out through legislative dynamism and accelerated sustainability-oriented reforms, despite existing institutional constraints. In both countries, environmental auditing contributes to increased public accountability, improved policy quality, and strengthened ecological resilience. The analysis also demonstrates that integrating environmental auditing into the architecture of ecological security provides an effective framework for risk prevention, resource management optimization, and the engagement of relevant actors, including local communities. The paper proposes strengthening institutional capacities, digitizing audit processes, and developing robust participatory mechanisms capable of supporting both states in their transition toward modern, sustainable environmental governance.
The role of the manager in fostering team cohesion to achieve task completion within the legal assistance section
Team cohesion involves not only the selection of specialists with adequate training, but also their integration into a functional environment with common objectives, where clear communication, responsibility, mutual respect, and result orientation prevail. Moreover, in accordance with the provisions of the legislation in force [1], the manager also has a series of explicit legal obligations in organizing the team’s activity: establishing tasks, ensuring professional training, preventing conflicts, and maintaining a healthy organizational climate. The purpose of the research is to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to the consolidation of the team within a legal section and how the manager can effectively support the execution of tasks, taking into account both the institutional context and the specific legal requirements. In particular, we will analyze the importance of information technologies and how they can contribute to making the task management process more efficient. The scientific results of the research will contribute to increasing the transparency of training processes and compliance with performance standards.
Domestic criminality and its hidden dimension: criminological approaches and the limits of penal implications
Domestic criminality represents one of the most persistent and underreported forms of violent crime, located at the intersection between the private sphere of family relationships and the positive obligation of the state to ensure the effective protection of fundamental human rights. Its criminological specificity derives from the relational, repetitive, and escalating nature of the acts, as well as from the existence of a significant hidden dimension, known in the specialized literature as the “dark figure of crime”. This article aims to provide a criminological and victimological analysis of domestic criminality, focusing on the mechanisms of invisibilization of the phenomenon, the structural causes of underreporting, the limits of repressive criminal policy, and the necessity of reconfiguring prevention strategies. The approach is critical and interdisciplinary, integrating doctrinal contributions, relevant statistical data for the Republic of Moldova, and reference points from European case law.
Interprofessional dialogue – a preventive tool for reducing the causes of disciplinary liability of judges
The article emphasizes the importance of effective interprofessional dialogue between judges, prosecutors, and lawyers, considering it an essential tool in reducing disciplinary procedures. The author analyzed the activity of the Disciplinary Board and the actions taken to promote such dialogue, highlighting direct involvement in conferences and workshops as important steps in strengthening relationships among legal professionals. The author’s active participation underscores the need for continuous communication to prevent conflicts, clarify the responsibilities of each profession, and contribute to a more efficient and transparent judicial system. The analysis of the Disciplinary Board's activity emphasizes the need to promote effective communication between legal professionals and highlights the positive impact of direct involvement in professional events. Furthermore, it recommends revising certain regulations, such as CSM Decision No. 351/14, to facilitate collaboration and enhance the transparency of administrative processes, thereby improving communication between judges, prosecutors, and lawyers. In conclusion, it is stated that continuous interprofessional dialogue, supported by strategic initiatives, not only prevents conflicts but also strengthens public trust in the integrity and efficiency of the judicial system, thus creating a more equitable and functional legal framework.
Regime of obligations imposed in rental relations to guarantee the rights of the tenant and his family
Guaranteeing the rights of subjects employed in rental relationships constitutes a duty of the state that is carried out through civil legislation. Respectively, the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova establishes the spectrum of obligations imposed on the lessor, which are reflected in the rights enjoyed by the lessee, and in many cases also by his family members. Nevertheless, and taking into account the fact that in 2019 there was a modernization of the Civil Code, the problems in this segment remain many and diverse depending on the category of the subjects concerned. Study in the matter of guaranteeing the contractual rights of the tenant and his family becomes indispensable in the context of harmonizing our legislation to the standards of the European Union, as well as to the requirements of the days in which we live.
Measures and strategies for preventing family abandonment and the institutionalization of children
Despite the existence of normative acts and legislative regulations aimed at child protection and abandonment prevention, everyday reality shows that these norms are not always sufficient or effective in practice. Although the legislative framework is well defined, in many cases families and children continue to face risk situations, and abandonment remains a persistent problem. Indepth research could highlight existing gaps in the implementation of these regulations and how the interventions of responsible institutions can be improved. Identifying these aspects will allow the development of more effective public policies that will not only support families in difficulty but will also significantly reduce the risks of abandonment and ensure the protection of children’s rights at every stage of their lives.
Traces of corruption offenses committed by public officials with special status
This paper explores the multifaceted nature of traces generated by corruption offenses committed by public officials holding special status, emphasizing their significance in reconstructing the criminal mechanism and establishing culpability. The study demonstrates that traces—material, ideal, digital, and financial—constitute the cornerstone of any effective investigation, particularly within environments marked by concealment, institutional complicity, and offenders’ privileged access to judicial procedures. Corrupt officials, equipped with professional expertise and in-depth knowledge of investigative techniques, tend to develop sophisticated strategies to disguise and falsify factual reality. Under these circumstances, the discovery, preservation, and scientific valorization of traces become not merely tactical stages but essential components of forensic methodology. The paper advances an integrated model for interpreting traces, grounded in evidential convergence between material, informational, and technical-scientific dimensions, designed to equip investigative authorities with modern tools for combating institutional corruption.
Criminal Proceedings – Grounds for Suspending the Individual Employment Contract
This article examines the suspension of the individual employment contract in the context of criminal proceedings, emphasizing the need for a correct and justified application of this measure. Suspension must comply with legal conditions and be well-motivated, establishing a clear connection between the alleged offense and the employee’s function or professional activity. The author explains when suspension is mandatory and when it requires further assessment, such as in cases involving preventive measures imposed by criminal investigation authorities. The importance of respecting the principle of proportionality and the right to the presumption of innocence during the criminal proceedings is highlighted. The article concludes that a thorough and justified assessment of each situation is essential to protect the rights of all parties involved, ensuring that suspension is applied fairly and transparently.
suspension of the individual employment contract
Some Legal Aspects of National Security in the Republic of Moldova in the Context of the Democratization Process
The article examines the interdependence between national security and the democratization process in the Republic of Moldova, with a focus on the legal and institutional framework governing the security sector in a state undergoing a prolonged democratic transition. In a context marked by internal instability, external geopolitical influences, and multiple hybrid risks, we argue that democratization is not a parallel process to security consolidation, but rather an essential condition for it. The paper provides an analysis of the relevant normative framework and the main institutions involved in the security architecture, highlighting the constitutional role of Parliament, the Presidency, the Government, and the specialized services (ISS, MIA, MApN). It is noted that, despite an apparently functional institutional structure, the efficiency of the system is affected by fragmentation, politicization, and lack of transparency. The study also identifies the main contemporary challenges: the unresolved Transnistrian conflict, destabilizing influences exerted by the Russian Federation, disinformation campaigns, structural weaknesses of the rule of law, and political instability. These elements demonstrate the deep vulnerability of national security in an insufficiently consolidated democratic regime. As a result, democratization contributes to strengthening security by promoting the rule of law, civil control over the security sector, citizen participation, and institutional accountability. European integration is approached as a strategic vector for modernization and anchoring in stable normative systems Therefore, the study provides an integrated perspective on how security and democratization can mutually reinforce each other in a vulnerable state, yet strategically oriented toward the European space.
The lack of publicity of criminal prosecution as a safeguard for the protection of the right to privacy
Criminal prosecution represents the first phase of the criminal process, during which appropriate judicial bodies exercise a judicial function through specific acts, known as acts of criminal prosecution. The main judicial activity associated with this function is the criminal prosecution itself, carried out by the prosecution authorities according to their specific competencies and aligned with the purpose of the criminal process — namely, the identification of offenses and the bringing of perpetrators to criminal liability. During the criminal prosecution phase, there is also another judicial activity regulated by special provisions concerning fundamental rights and freedoms, including the right to privacy. This activity is carried out during the criminal prosecution phase, in accordance with the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code (CPC), by the prosecution authorities, simultaneously with the prosecution activity. The responsibility for respecting this right to privacy lies with the prosecution authorities. Their role in conducting criminal prosecution activities while respecting and protecting the parties’ right to privacy is essential and mandatory. Failure to respect the right to privacy in the conduct of criminal prosecution activities is sanctioned by administrative, civil, and criminal legislation, as well as by the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR). The study discusses and presents the necessity of the lack of publicity during the criminal prosecution phase and the role of such measures as a safeguard for the protection of the right to privacy.
Polygraph testing: 10 years of practical application
The article analyzes the evolution and effectiveness of polygraph testing in the Republic of Moldova over a decade of institutional application (2014–2023) within the Forensic and Judicial Expertise Center of the General Police Inspectorate. Relevant quantitative data are presented concerning the frequency of polygraph tests and the types of requests received, highlighting a high degree of accuracy and significant practical applicability. In order to assess the actual impact of the method, the test results were compared with court rulings, and the use of polygraph was examined from multiple perspectives. The article also addresses the current status and implementation of polygraph testing in the Republic of Moldova, United States of America, Romania, and Ukraine. Based on the gathered experience, it can be concluded that polygraph testing effectively contributes to the clarification of complex cases and, in certain situations, enables the retrieval of additional relevant information. The conclusions emphasize the relevance of the polygraph as a complementary investigative tool, while also underscoring the need for continuous development of the field through advanced professional training, regulatory harmonization, and the expansion of its application under scientifically rigorous and ethically responsible conditions.
The psychology and characteristics of lying in a socio-legal context
The complexity of lying as a phenomenon highlights the importance of context, psychological motives, and the frequency of lying as well as the ability to detect falsehoods. Respondents rarely mention resorting to lies, suggesting a more positive self-assessment of their behavior in relation to the truth. The ability to tell and detect lies is generally moderate. The motivations behind lies are primarily aimed at protecting one's self-image and justifying behaviors. Implicit lying and self-justification are among the most common forms of reality distortion.
Procedure for examining electoral disputes
The analysis of the concept of electoral rights protection reveals the fundamental importance of electoral dispute resolution mechanisms, as they constitute an essential instrument of the legal guarantee of the right to vote. Electoral disputes arise when electoral rights are violated, requiring the intervention of competent authorities to restore them, with the aim of effectively ensuring citizens’ right to vote and to be elected. This article examines the normative framework and procedural mechanisms for resolving electoral disputes in the Republic of Moldova. It analyzes the two forms of complaint review: the administrative procedure, conducted by hierarchically superior electoral bodies, and the judicial procedure, which provides constitutional protection and access to competent courts. The study highlights the competencies of the institutional actors involved, the legal deadlines, as well as the admissibility conditions of the complaints. At the same time, the complementary nature of the two procedures is emphasized, along with the importance of a clear, coherent, and effective regulation to ensure the full protection of electoral rights.
The state’s response in the management of current humanitarian crises
Over the course of its 34 years of independence, the Republic of Moldova has faced a series of challenges, incidents, crises, and even disasters, which, however, have not reached the threshold of being classified as “humanitarian crises”, having been resolved, for the most part, solely through the collective effort of the nation. The developments of the past five years, however, reveal an alarming trend whereby the state is being affected by genuine and undeniable humanitarian crises, the management of which is significantly hindered in the absence of external assistance. Accordingly, the identification of humanitarian crises and the analysis of the instruments, methods, and essential measures undertaken by the state to mitigate such crises are essential for the forward-looking preparation of state institutions and personnel engaged in combating this type of grievous social phenomenon. At the same time, reviewing the key measures implemented to counter the consequences of past or ongoing humanitarian crises allows for the systematization of response actions around certain operational cores. The timely identification of these frameworks is vital for the immediate management of crises that may not meet the formal definition of a “humanitarian crisis”, while also enabling appropriate responses to any risk situations that may arise in the future. This study aims to assess the current crises, especially humanitarian ones, that directly affect the Republic of Moldova, to identify the range of state actions taken in response to their consequences, and to systematize these actions by formulating relevant recommendations.
Legal liability of the investigating officer in case of disclosure of secret information
Legal liability is a legal relationship established, as a rule, by a competent state body, as a result of the commission of an unlawful act by a perpetrator, the latter being bound to execute a legal sanction corresponding to the committed act and, respectively, it constitutes a mandatory element of the competence of the investigation officer as the subject of special investigative activity, together with the obligations and rights. Legal liability prescribed by law can be applied only if there is a grounds for violation of the law. The main types of legal liability for an investigative officer are disciplinary, contravention, material, civil, and criminal. In our approach, we will refer to the legal liability of the investigating officer only in case of disclosure of information constituting a state secret, regardless of whether these actions are carried out during the realization of special investigative measures or other activities of investigating officers.
The particularities of criminal acts committed by women: criminological and criminal-law perspectives
Female criminality represents a distinct criminological phenomenon, shaped by specific psychological, social, and cultural factors. Although its prevalence is lower compared to male criminality, the forms it takes – domestic violence, infanticide, property and economic crimes, or involvement in criminal groups – reveal essential particularities. This study highlights the specific manifestations of female offending through doctrinal and jurisprudential analysis, identifying determining factors and criminological implications. The results show that women tend to commit crimes under the influence of emotional-affective factors and social pressures, which calls for differentiated criminal policies to ensure effective sanctioning and prevention. By adopting an interdisciplinary approach and integrating empirical findings, the article provides a comprehensive perspective on the phenomenon and outlines directions for public policies and preventive measures adapted to this field.
Distinguishing acts of generosity and stimulatory acts from acts of gratification characteristics of the donation relationship
It has always been natural that the act by which a free act is disposed of, and which may generate certain material consequences towards the donor, should be given increased attention in the regulatory plan, ensuring, in this way, adequate legal protection for the interests that are pursued by concluding the respective contract. In this context, the discussions, controversies and doctrinal debates on the topics that hover around all acts of gratification, including donation, will never slow down, existing as long as man exists, considering that the feeling of generosity, charity, kindness and altruism will always accompany him, both on the path of progress and that of regression. Consequently, the notion of the donation contract in its current version allows to cram into its category all acts with a gratuitous title, as well as other acts of gratification (gift, insignificant gifts, reductions and discounts, transplantation of tissues and organs, etc.) which, in general, should be removed from the legal field of donation.
Some tactical features of conducting the search of a means of transport
In this paper, we will elucidate the essence of the search of a means of transport as a criminal investigation action and as a forensic tactic. Through the prism of legal regulations, we will analyze the connection between the concepts of means of transport and search, in order to determine the existence of the legal leverage for carrying out this evidentiary procedure. Given that a person’s car may be used in committing a crime or may serve as a place for hiding objects, documents, or other material entities used or resulting from criminal activity, we will argue for the importance of searching the means of transport to gather comprehensive evidence and to ensure the fair resolution of criminal cases. At the same time, we will break down the process of searching a vehicle into phases and will carry out a detailed characterization of the stages of ordering, preparation, execution, and documentation of the action. In addition to general aspects governing the conduct of the search, the article also examines the specific elements of applying this proceduralcriminal measure to a vehicle in a person’s possession. Essential aspects that must be considered by the criminal investigation body in such situations are highlighted, given the implications for fundamental rights. In the context of the need to adapt judicial intervention to practical realities, the necessity of completing and strengthening the normative framework in this matter is argued.